1.1 Epigeal germination
1.2 Hypogeal germination
1. Germination is the process by which the dormant embryo in a seed resumes growth ,
emergence of the radicle through testa , follow by growth of young shoot or plumule.
2. Growth is a characteristic of all living organisms . Growth is a permanent irreversible increase in size of an organism due to increase in its dry mass .
3. In order for the seed to germinate , the seed should imbibe / absorp water ( imbibition )
through micropyle and testa .
4. Seed coat will swell and rupture .
5. Testa will break and allow seed to take in more H2O .
6. This cause oxygen available to develop embryo .
7. H2O is necessary to activate biochemical reactions .
8. H2O hydrolysis store food .
9. H2O dilute abscisic acid ( ABA ) in seed which act as growth inhibitors .
10. Suitable temperature , light and growth promoters are factors needed to break dormancy and
stimulate germination .
11. Activate embryo synthesis & release gibberellins ( plant hormone )
12. Germinating seedling emerges through the soil by epigeal germination or hypogeal
germination .
